Privacy International

Privacy and Human Rights 2000


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David Banisar

Electronic Privacy Information Center
Washington, DC, USA

Privacy International
London, UK

This survey, by EPIC and Privacy International, reviews the state of privacy in over fifty countries around the world. The survey examines a wide range of privacy issues including, data protection, telephone tapping, genetic databases, ID systems and freedom of information laws. The report finds that there is a worldwide regocnition of privacy as a fundamental human right. Many countries around the world are enacting comprehenisve data protection law to safeguard individual privacy increase. However at the same time, privacy is increasingly being undermined by technical advances and the demands of intelligence and law enforcement agencies for increase surveillance powers. There is a strong need for improved oversight and stricter enforcement of current laws to ensure that legal protections are not ignored as threats to personal privacy increase.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary
Acknowledgments
Overview: The State of the World's Privacy

Defining Privacy
Aspects of Privacy
Models of Privacy Protection
The Right to Privacy
The Evolution of Data Protection
Rationales for Adopting Comprehensive Laws
The European Union Data Protection Directives
Oversight and Privacy and Data Protection Commissioners
Transborder Data Flows and Data Havens
EU-U.S. "Safe Harbor" Negotiations

Threats to Privacy

Trends
Technology transfer and policy convergence
Identity systems
Surveillance of Communications
    CALEA, ENFOPOL and Building in Surveillance
    Internet Surveillance and Black Boxes
    Cyber-crime
    National Security and the “Echelon system”
    Tools for fighting surveillance
Electronic Commerce
Spy TV: Interactive Television & “T-Commerce”
Audio Bugging
Video Surveillance
Satellite Surveillance
Workplace Privacy 

COUNTRY REPORTS




Argentine Republic
Commonwealth of Australia
Republic of Austria
Kingdom of Belgium
Federative Republic of Brazil
Republic of Bulgaria
Canada
Republic of Chile
People's Republic of China
     Hong Kong
Czech Republic
Kingdom of Denmark
Republic of Estonia
Republic of Finland
French Republic
Federal Republic of Germany
Greece
Republic of Hungary

Republic of Iceland
Republic of India
Ireland
State of Israel
Italian Republic
Japan
South Korea
Republic of Latvia
Republic of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Malaysia
Mexico
Kingdom of the Netherlands
New Zealand
Kingdom of Norway
Republic of Peru
Republic of the Philippines
Republic of Poland

Republic of Portugal
Russian Federation
Republic of San Marino
Republic of Singapore
Slovak Republic
Republic of Slovenia
Republic of South Africa
Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Kingdom of Thailand
Republic of Turkey
Republic of Ukraine
United Kingdom
Territories
United States of America

Buy a copy of the 2000 report from EPIC

Read the 1999 Edition
Read the 1998 Edition